Lebah Madu di Johor

Menternak Lebah Madu di Johor agak popular di beberapa kawasan di Daerah Pontian, Batu Pahat dan Muar dengan spesis Lebah Keran (Apis cerana). Kawasan tumpuan penternakan adalah di kawasan kebun kelapa dan kawasan hutan gelam seta kawasan dudun campuran yang banyak sumber makanan seperti Rumput Israel (Asystasia gigantica). Antara kawasan yang aktif ialah di Kg Serkat Darat (Pontian), Kg Kesang , Kg Parit Penyengat, Kg Teluk Rimba (di daerah Muar), Kg Nibong (di Batu Pahat) dimana ternakan dibuat secara sambilan oleh para petani atau pekebun kelapa. Ternakan lebah Keran dijalankan setelah petani menerima Latihan Asas oleh Jabatan Pertanian Johor di Pusat Ternakan Apiari Malaysia yang terletak di Pusat Pertanian Komodiiti Parit Botak, Batu Pahat. Kursus lanjutan di adakan di beberapa lokasi seperti di Pejabat Pertanian Sg Sudah di Muar dan Pejabat Pertanian Pontian dimana tujuan latihan adalah untuk memberikan teknologi lebih baru dan terkini. Artikel kali ini dalam 'Anim Agro Technology' saya akan membincangkan teknologi ternakan lebah madu berdasarkan pengalaman penulis dalam bidang ini selama 30 tahun. Penulis juga terlibat dalam memberikan latihan asas penternakan lebah madu kepada peminat lebah madu.

Dalam menternak lebah paling penting adalah keujudan makanan semulajadi lebah keran adalah debunga dan nektar daripada mayang kelapa yang ditanam di sekeliling Haif Lebah. Haif Lebah adalah kotak yang diperbuat daripada papan kayu berukutan 1-2 kaki panjang x 1 kaki tinggi dan 1 kaki lebar bergantung kepada kesesuaian dan mengandungi para-para serta penutup. Terdapat pintu utama untuk lebah keluar dan masuk haif. Lazimnya haif lebah akan dicat warna putih untuk memudahkan lebah mencari rumahnya. Haif ini diletakkan diatas tiang kayu setinggi 3-4 kaki atas tanah dan sapu tiangnya dengan minyak atau racun serangga untuk elakkan semut , lipas dan perosak lain masuk kedalam haif terutama apabila simpanan madu telah banyak.

Satu hektar kawasan kelapa boleh di sediakan antara 6 - 10 haif atau bilangan koloni lebah berdasarkan kepada kepadatan pokok kelapa. Satu koloni yang aktif dengan seekor Ratu Lebah mempunyai antara 30,000 - 50,000 ekor lebah pekerja. Ratu Lebah Keran yang sihat dapat mengeluarkan anak lebah sebanyak 100 - 250 ekor setiap hari. Setiap 2-3 minggu haif lebah akan di periksa untuk di kutip madu dan debunga (Jika ada) terutama musim panas kekerapan setiap 2-3 hari sekali. Madu lebah akan disimpan didalam kon yang akan ditutup apabila telah penoh.

Burung berek-berek

Lebah mempunyai pelbagai musuh dan penyakit yang akan menentukan sama ada projek penternakan lebah yang dijalankan akan berjaya atau tidak. Antara musuh-musuh didalam penternakan lebah madu ialah seperti semut, lipas, cicak, tabuan dan burung. Tebuan (Vespa tropica tropica) merupakan musuh yang akan menyerang lebah madu yang baru balik kehaif dengan membunuhnya. Tebuan atau juga dipanggil sebagai Tabuan akan masuk kedalam haif dimana akan menyebabkan keselurohan koloni lebah akan berpindah (Lihat foto dibwah). Burung Berek-berek (Melops philipunus) atau di panggil 'Blue tailed Bee eater'  juga merupakan sejenis burung yang suka menangkap lebah ketika berterbangan (Lihat foto sebelah). Apa yang saya buat pemerhatian di pontian, lebh pekerja yang sedang dalam perjalanan balik kehaif paling disukai kerana lebah tersebut agak perlahan terbang akibat perutnya penoh nektar dan debunga. Semut (Ants) perlu dikawal agar ianya tidak memusnahkan koloni lebah. Cara kawalan adalah dengan menyapu minyak hitam terpakai atau menyapu minyak gris (grease oil) pada tiang haif lebah agar agar semut tidak dapat naik melalui tiang. Antara penyakit yang menyerang lebah seperti 'Penyakit Sac Brood' dan perlu dikawal.

Tebuan musuh lebah.

Kajian yang saya buat di Muar mendapati, satu koloni lebah keran di kawasan kelapa menghasilkan diantara 5 - 7 kg madu setahun. Jumlah kutipan madu ini sangat bergantung kepada keadaan cuaca dimana jika cuaca panas berpanjangan, jumlah madu agak banyak tetapi pada musim hujan seperti bulan November - Januari memang amat sedikit kutipan madu. Alat khas dipanggil 'Extractor' digunakan untuk mengeluarkan madu. Madu yang dihasilkan kemudian madu yang di tapis untuk mengeluarkanbahan lain dan kemudian akan di botolkan dalam botol 120 ml dan dijual dengan harga antara RM 8.00 - RM 12.00 sebotol. Kualiti Madu Lebah bergantung kepada punca nektar dan musim untuk menentukan harganya. Punca pokok kelapa akan memberikan warna madu yang agak kekuningan berbanding dengan punca nektar daripada kawasan limau dan daun getah yang lebih jernih.

Lebah Besar Jenis Impot (Apis melifera) merupakan spesis lebah madu yang diimpot dari Australia melalui Jabatan Pertanian ada di perlihara di Kawasan Kg Serkat Darat, Pontian sejak tahun 2001. Bagaimanapun lebah jenis melifera ini mempunyai masaalah penyakit ' Sac Brood' dan mengelami serangan serius dari sejenis Burung Berek ketika musim penghijrahan. Serangan burung pernah memusnahkan sehingga 80% populasi lebah ini dan didapati diantara punca yang boleh mengagalkan projek tersebut. Walau pun lebah Apis melifera mempunyai potensi tinggi untuk dijadikan industri ternakan lebah, ianya perlukan lebih banyak kajian lebih lanjut yang perlu dijalankan. Kemungkinan satu masa nanti akan ada program pembiakan lebah madu yang sesuai dan berpotns tinggi untuk negara kita.

Program Latihan dan Kursus untuk pemeliharaan lebah madu perlu di tumpukan kepada penternak-penternak lebah diseluruh negara. Bagi Negeri Johor, terdapat hanya sekitar 30 orang sahaja penternak lebah madu yang aktif yang telah saya kenalpasti. Antara perkara penting yang perlu di berikan latihan kepada mereka ialah Teknologi memelihara Ratu Lebah, Tanaman untuk makanan lebah, Kaedah Pengurusan Lebah pada Musim Tengkujuh, Pemilihan spesis lebah yang baik dan tepat, menyediakan makanan asas lebah, Venom Lebah sebagai alternatif perubatan, pengeluaran produk debunga serta produk 'Royal Jelly' dan pemasaran produk lebah. Pegawai dan Penternak perlu diberikan pendedahan terhadap industri ternakan lebah dibeberapa negara tropika yang lain.

Persatuan Penternak Lebah Negeri Johor yang kurang aktif masa kini perlu di gerakan semula. Selain daripada latihan teknikal dan perkhidmatan pengembangan kepada penternak lebah, program subsidi peralatan atau haif lebah peru di berikan kepada penternak. Kaedah perlabelan, kawalaan kualiti, pembungkusan dan pemasaran perlu di kawal agar kejadian penjualan MADU TIRUAN dapat dibenteras. Laporan dari Universiti Malaya pada 2005 melalui terbitan Jurnal mendapati, lebih 65% madu lebah di pasaran Malaysia adalah madu tiruan!  Awas, madu tiruan mungkin mengandungi bahan-bahan yang membawa kerosakan bukan perubatan. Kaedah untuk menyediakan madu tituan memang mudah, murah dan nampak macam original kerana orang ramai tidak pernah kenal akan kualiti madu asli.  Semuga akan lebih ramai rakyat Malaysia yang meminati aktiviti penternakan lebah madu di negara kita. Wasallam.

KEKEBUN KELAPA....MENTERNAH LEBAH...

KAWASAN GELAM...SESUAI JUGA DIREDAH....

LEBAH KERAN...MADUNYA SEBAGAI UPAH...

KALAU DI SENGAT...WAJAH AKAN BERUBAH...

Related articles:
1. Agrobased Industry in Malaysia (Click here)
2. Bee Keeping Equipments (Click here)
3. Coconut (Click here)
4. Penduduk dunia (Klik disini)
5. Lebah Keran (Klik disini)
6. Lebah Tualang (Klik disini)
7. Madu Lebah (Klik disini)
8. Bisa Gigitan serangga (Klik disini)
9. Rumput Israel (Klik disini)
10. Nektar (Klik disini) 
11. Semut (Klik disini)

By

M Anem

Jabatan Pertanian Johor
Muar, Johor,
Malaysia
(Pakar Lebah satu ketika dulu - updated 26 November 2012)

Durian Clones in Malaysia

A durian farm at Tangkak, Muar, Johor with Mun Thong clone intercroped with banana.

Durian (Durio zibethinnus Murr) is a tropical crop that is popular in South East Asia and known as "King of the Fruit". There is about 400,000 hectare of durian planted throught the world. In Malaysia durian was grown about 100,000 hectare in 1995 but it the hectarage trend was decreasing to about 45,000 hectare in 2005. Malaysia exports about RM 58 million in 1995 but only about RM45 million in 2005 to neighbouring countries such as Singapore (60%) , China, Australia, Brunei and others. There is about 200 durian clones in Malaysia but only 15 clone are grown comercially. Most of the clones registered with Department of Agriculture and the names given based on the locality or the origin.

Mun Thong clone almost ripen and suitable for fresh and for chip durian.
The D24 and D168 is the most popular among Malaysian.


Recently the durian hectarage reduced tremendously especially in Durian active producing area such as in Perak, Johor, Pahang and other states. This is due to the competition with industrial crop (Oil Palm) that gives more income to farmers and food crops such as vegetable and other new tropical fruit suah as Piataya. Youngsters also does not like to eat fresh durian due to smell and the change of life style. Most of the traditional durian clone was chop down gradually due to low price during peak season especially Not Clone Durian tree.

Below are few clones popular in Malaysia:

a. D 24

Durian D24 was the most popular clones in Malaysia with every body can remember the numbers. This clone also known as "BUKIT MERAH" and registered to Agriculture Department in Non 1937 which was the earliest to register. This clone was originated from Bukit Merah Resevoir in Perak. The fruit was roundish with light green skin colour. It has sharp small thorn and not very thick skin. It has a thick flesh with yellow color and sweet-bitter in taste. I used to eat this clone every year due to its availability and medium price tag.

b. D 99

This clone was originated from Thailand and also known as "KOP KECIL". It was registered in Jun1970 with many sub-varieties ( 8 all together). The words kob means 'frog' in Thai language. Ony two out of 8 was popular in Malaysia that was Kob Kecil (1-2 kg/fruit) and Kop Besar (3-7 kg/ fruit). Th fruit was medium size with roundish shape and green skin color. It also has a sharp thorn on the skin. The flesh was yellow with medium thickness and fine texture but a little soft.

c. D123

This clone was originated also from Thailand and domesticated in Malaysia for many years. This clone was also called as " CHANEE" and registered in July 1971 with DOA. This clone has a big size fruit aand elongated in shape. The skin color was green with greyish color on the bottom part. The fruit stalk was short and bigger size compare to other clone. It has a golden yellow flesh color and taste very sweet and lemak. This clone among has the strongest durian aroma.

d. MDUR 79
e. MDUR 88
f.  D 168
g. D 169
h. D 145

Department of Agriculture trained the farmers to process durian rather than selling as fresh fruit. Certain clone suitable for processing to 'durian chips', durian sweets, durian ice cream, durian candies, durian juice and many others. For export of fresh durian a new technology introduced known as "Quick Freeze" of fresh fruit under 4 degrees celcius and exported to Australia, Japan, China and Europe market. Research and marketing strategies has to be strengtened to ensure durian clones and industry survive in Malaysia!...

Writers at durian farm in Tangkak inspect Canker Disease on D24 clones. 
Control of the disease important as it can cause dieback.

By:
M Anem
DOA, 
Muar, Johor
Malaysia
(Frequent visit to durian farm at Tangkak)

Adult Learning in Agricultue Extension

Visit to pineapple farm at Sg Resik, Muar by senior extension agent.

Adult Learning in Agriculture Extension system need to be train to the young Extension Agent. Most farmers in Malaysia aged between 45 - 60 years in average and they mostly are farming at rural areas and categorised as ADULT person. New officers need to learn from seniors about techniques and methodology in delivery extension system. Farmers has been lived in his own world for so many years adapted to available the technology. Any new technology from research institution or university that need introduction through extension agent with experience. The information firstly must be organised in the simplest way so that the farmers easily understood and accept. The extension agriculture extension officers are trained by Subject Matter Officer every alternate weeks. Most of them are given special area or specific commodities to master on extension. Today's farmer are ICT literate so that they able to connect through smart phone, note book or desktop to access to the information. 

Ability of experience extension agent in verbal communication and pursuing old farmers are an ART and unique. Farmers normally hard to believe any new thing if they do not convinced perfectly. As an adult they will HEAR any new technology or new application towards any changes in his farming activity. An example a chemical salesman try to introduce a new product that can control Antracnose Disease in chili production caused by Collectrotricum spp. If an extension that has a close connection with group of farmers and already tested in any Agriculture Station will help the salesman to convince adult farmers.

Adult learning in extension activities that need to introduce to new extension agent include how to respect elders, sympathy and empathy, communication skill, persuasive talk, ability to convince people, salesman technique, how to respect people with ageing, speak loud and soft, method of showing sample, local dialect and locality problem.

Farm visits and extension on coconut at Perak.

By,
M Anem
Senior Agronomist
DOA Muar
Johor, Malaysia.
(Updated 25 January 2015)

PLANNING IN AGRICULTURE EXTENSION

Farm visit for Extension agent need proper planning

annually so that the farmers delivered technology accordingly.

Agriculture Extension Program for farmers needs proper planning to ensure the implementation reached their aims. There is Annual Extension Program, Monthly Extension Program, Weekly Extension Program and Daily Extension Program. Each Extension agent has to prepare as the planning are suitable to deliver proper technology and information to the target group (Farmers and related clientele). Different target groups need different types of inputs such as vegetable growers, Paddy farmers, Orchard Farmers, Aquaculture Farmers, Livestock Farmers, Fisherman, Agro Processing Entrepreneurs and Part-time Farmers. There are also professional farmers which has enough capital and information technology in the Extension Area with special approach.

Preparing Annual Extension Program by Group is more organised.

Daily Extension Planning was started at the Lowest Area based on activity in the Extension Area. For paddy area the planning follows Paddy Planting Calendar in the particular days. If that day the activity in the paddy field was land preparation the Extension Program must be related to land preparation program such as Type of Land Preparation (Wet or Dry), Type of Machinery, Land Levelling, Pre-Emergence Chemical Spraying, Ban, Drainage and Irrigation System. This daily Extension program required Agriculture Assistance (AT) to visit and check the farmers follows the Good Agriculture Practices procedure.

Exposure of Extension Agent to familiarize and exposure activity.

Monthly Extension program planned by AT and AAO in the area based on all activity by AT in various kampong and locality. The plan consists of Date /Time of Visit, Day of Visit, Location of Visit, Issue in Extension, Numbers of farmers to be visited and impact point. Style of transfer of technology may be in the form of Farm Visits, Formal and Informal Training, Demonstration Plot Visit, Farmers Day Activity, Study Tour, Meeting of Group farming and many other methodology. The two important column in Extension Progress Report consists of Activity Conducted as Planned include Planning Date compare with Actual Implementation Activity. Annual Extension Program is a compilation of total summary of Extension Activity in the State, District, Extension Area covered. It was an annual planning of the Agriculture Extension Activity for all commodities and the management has to monitor the implementation process. To check the activity the management has to conduct Agriculture Extension Meeting so that the implementation are monitored and solve certain issue in extension program. Extension planning are important to ensure the transfer of technology reach the clientele.

EXTENSION PLANNING...ANNUAL ACTIVITY

NO PLANNING ... FORIMPLEMENTATION...

ANNUALLY, MONTHLY, WEEKLY... ALL YES...
MONITORING AFTER PLANING... YES! DO IT...

By

M Anem
Senior Agronomist/Extensionist,

DOA Muar District,
Muar, Johore,
Malaysia.
(Updated on 11 May 2015)

MAS COTEK DI TANAH GAMBUT

MAS COTEK (Ficus deltoidea) adalah sejenis tanaman herba yang tumbuh liar di tanah gambut secara liar dan menumpang. Pada masa ini pokok ini ditanam secara komersial di atas tanah gambut di sekitar pantai Barat Negeri Johor dari Daerah Muar hingga ke Daerah Pontian. Dalam merujuk kepada Laporan Statistik Jabatan Pertanian Malaysia, saya dapati seluas 180 hektar tanaman mas cotek diusahakan diseluruh negara terutama oleh usahawan bumiputra. Kawasan utama yang ada menanam Mas Cotek adalah di Johor, Kelantan, Terengganu, Selangor dan juga di Pahang.  Selain daripada ditanam di kawasan tanah lapang kini pokok mas cotek ditanam dibawah pokok kelapa sawit dan kelapa. Jarak tanaman ialah 5 kaki antara baris dan 5-6 kaki antara pokok. Harga anak benih tanaman antara RM 8.00 hungga RM 12.00 bergantung kepada jenis dan saiz anakbenih. Pengurusan agronomi agak mudah dengan menggunakan baja organan dan sedikit baja 15:15:15 serta tidak menggunakan racun kimia untuk kawalan rumpai. Artikel malam Jumaat ini saya menulis dalam "Anim Agro Technology" mengenai tanaman Mas Cotek yang diusahakan di kawasan tanah gambut di Daerah Muar daripada penelitian dan kajian yang saya jalankan untuk maklumat anda.

Pemerhatian di ladang menunjukkan pokok Mas Cotek dewasa akan dituai secara berperingkat-peringkat iaitu diambil hanya sebahagian pokok atau seluruh pokok. Ranting-ranting dan dahan akan di potong bersama daun berukuran 2 - 4 kaki dan ia kemudian di kumpulkan untuk dihantar ke Pusat Pemprosesan Produk Mas Cotek. Tinjauan dengan beberapa petani mendapati purata harga ladang setiap kilogram diantara 60 sen sehingga RM 1.00 sekilogram bergantung kepada kuantiti dan kualiti serta kontrak farming. Apabila tiba dikilang, lazimnya hasil mas cotek akan di bersihkan terdiri dari bahagian ranting , biji dan daun. Kemudian ianya akan di ceraikan agar mudah untuk proses menjemur selama 3 - 5 hari sebelum diproses keproduk akhir. Kajian mendapati hasil akhir produk mas cotek adalah untuk di jadikan teh atau minyak ekstrak. Bagi produk teh herba ianya di jual dan di bungkus dalam bentuk Daun Asli, Di buat serbuk atau pil. Bagi minyak yang di ekstrak boleh dijadikan pelbagai produk.

Adalah di percayai herba mas cotek dapat mengawal pusingan darah, anti-oksidan, anti radangan, melindungi tisu, mengetatkan tisu yang kendur, mengurangkan pengeluaran air berlebihan serta peningkatan penyerapan nutrient. Mas Cotek juga di dakwa dapat mengeluarkan toksin dalam badan, melancarkan perjalanan darah, mengurangkan tekanan darah tinggi, kawal sakit urat saraf, gaut, migrane, paru-paru berair dan sebagainya. Di Daerah Muar terdapat seorang penanam stau pengilang Mas Cotek di bawah bimbingan Jabatan Pertanian Daerah iaitu Perusahaan UNS Enterprise beralamat di Kg Sg Resik Darat, Sg Balang, Muar, Johor (Tel: 06-9883867; HP 012-7211867). Usahawan ini menanam sendiri seluas lebih 15 hektar dan menjadi pembeli secara Kontrak Farming dengan lebih 45 penanam dengan keluasan lebih 50 hektar. Saya dapati usahawan muda ini mampu mempromosikan produk ini ke seluruh dareah dan akan dikembangkan lagi. Selamat berjaya!

NAMA MASCOTEK...RENEK POKOKNYA...
MUDAH DITANAM...GAMBUT TANAHNYA...
DIBUAT TEH... HEBAT KHASIATNYA...
KINI DIUSAHAKAN... PETANI MUDA...

Oleh:
M Anem
Senior Agronomist,
Kg Sungai Balang,
DOA Muar,
Johor, Malaysia.
(Kemaskini pada 5 Jamadilakhir 1435H)

Jenis Tembikai

Kawasan tanaman tembikai di Sengkang, Muar, Johor.

Tembikai (Citrullus lunatus) adalah tanaman buah jangkapendek yang menjalar dari keluarga Cucurbitaceae (sama dengan timun) yang dipercayai berasal dari Afrika Tengah. Tembikai adalah satu daripada 9 jenis buah-buahan yang diberikan keutamaan untuk di majukan di Malaysia dalam Dasar Pertanian negara Ke 3. Benih tembikai kebanyakkanya diimpot dari

Taiwan iaitu jenis Hybrid. Pemilihan varieti ditanam mengikut kehendak pasaran dan negara pengimpot. Pasaran Tembikai di Malaysia untuk Tempatan dan Ekspot Keluar Negara. Baca artikel saya dan rencana tembikai pada bulan seterusnya.

Berikut adalah beberapa verieti yang disyorkan untuk ditanam di Malaysia:

a. New Dragon (berbiji)

b. Flower Dragon (Berbiji)

c. Hitam manis (Berbiji - S118)

d. Black Gold (berbiji)

e. Fengshan (tanpa biji)

f. Ming Hwa (tanpa biji)

g. Gold Rush 1663 (Tanpa biji - TB)

h. Felicity (TB)

i. Orchid Sweet (TB)

j. Sin Foon (TB)

k. Quality (TB)

l. seedless No 1 (TB)

Kawasan yang sesuai untuk tanaman tembikai alah di kawasan rata serta tidak menakung air. kawasan baru sesuai dan elakkan dari menanam di lokasi yang baru bertanam tanaman dari keluarga cucurbiticeae (atau fallow sekurang-kurangnya satu bulan) jika nak tanam. Elakkan menanam dua pusingan pada kawasan yang sama atau berhampiran dengan cucurbitaceae.

Kawasan utama tanaman tembikai di Malaysia adalah di Pahang dan johor. Daerah Rompin Pahang merupakan kawasan utama tanaman tembikai (2,543 hektar) diikuti dengan Daerah Kluang Johor (1,119 hektar) dan Daerah Mersing Johor (828 hektar) pada tahun 2009. Sebanyak 228,880 metrik buah tembikai telah dikeluarkan di malaysia pada tahun 2009 dimana sebahagian besar adalah untuk pasaran ekspot.

Buah biasa matang dalam masa 65 hari selepas tanam bergantung kepada varieti. Pungutan hasil biasanya dibuat sebanyak 4 pusingan setiap musim. Pusingan pertama dan kedua biasanya mengeluarkan hasil bermutu tinggi dan sangat disyorkan untuk diekspot sementara pungutan hasil ketiga dan keempat biasanya berkualiti sederhana dan sesuai untuk pasaran tempatan. Pengredan tembikai ada 3 kategori iaitu Gred 1 , Gred 2 dan Luar Gred.

Untuk keterangan lebih lanjut sila berhubung dengan Pegawai Pertanian di Jabatan Pertanian yang berhampiran terutamanya di kawasan utama pengeluaran tembikai.

Disediakan oleh:

M Anem
Senior Agronomist

AO Muar, Jalan Kamariah,
Muar, Johor,
Malaysia.

MEMBUAT MEE KUNING

Mee Kuning merupakan satu produk makanan yang menjadi pilihan ramai sebagai makanan. Mee kuning selalunya dihasilkan melalui satu proses yang kritikal dari segi GMP (Good Manufacturing Process) untuk menjamin kebersihan dan keselamatan makanan. Mee kuning diperbuat daripada tepung gandum yang di campur dengan bahan penting (yang selamat dimakan) dan di uli menggunakan Mesin Penguli Tepong sebelum di leperkan dan di jadikan mee melalui mesin penghiris sebelum masuk dalam air panas yang sentiasa mengalir. Mee tersebut akan masuk 'çonveyer' untuk disejukkan dalam aliran air sejuk dan di uraikan dengan campuran minyak masak untuk elakkan bercantum. Mee kuning yang selamat dimakan perlukan proses yang bersih dan dijaga kualiti. Artikel kali ini saya menulis dalam "Anim Agro Technology" mengenai pembuatan mee kuning berdasarkan kepada lawatan teknikal diprojek membuat mee kuning di Kg Solok, Tangkak , Johor yang mendapat bimbingan daripada Jabatan Pertanian.

Dalam temubual dengan pengusaha menyatakan bahawa sekilo mee kuning di keluarkan dijual dengan harga antara RM 1.50 hingga RM 2.00 dan kos pengeluaran antara 80 sen sehingga RM 1.20 sekilogram bergantung kepada jenis mesin yang digunakan. Mee Kuning perlu dipasarkan segera pada hari yang sama di proses untuk mengekalkan kualitinya. Mee kuning dibungkus dalam plastik jernih dengan berat 1 (satu) kilogram sehingga 10 kilgram sebungkus bergantung kepada jenis pasaran. Mee ini perlu diedarkan terus ke Pasar awam, ke Restoran-restoran dan Gerai-gerai makanan dalam hari yang sama untuk menikmati keenakkannya. Bagaimana pun lazimnya jika mee kuning ini disimpan dalam peti ais ia boleh tahan dalam masa 1 minggu tanpa berubah warna dan rasa. Bagaimana pun jika ia disimpan terlalu lama akan menurun kualitinya.  Mee Kuning sesuai dimakan sebagai Mee Goreng, Mee Goreng Mamak, Mee Bandung, Mee Kenduri, Mee Rebus, Mee Kari, Mee Jawa, Mee Kuah, Mee Udang dan sebagainya mengikut resepi tempatan. Makanan ini menjadi kegemaran rakyat Malaysia yang suka akan makanan mee kuning. Saya pun peminat makanan berasaskan mee kuning.

Bahan-bahan membuat mee kuning terdiri daripada 4 cawan tepung gandum, 1 cawan air, 1 biji telur, Sedikit garam dan juga sedikit pewarna kuning. Bahan-bahan ini perli diproses dengan mencampurkan Air, garam dan pewarna dikacau sebati. kemudian dipecahkan telur ke dalam tepung. Masukkan air sedikit-sedikit dan uli hingga menjadi doh yang dinamakan sebagai Doh mee kuning (Sila lihat foto diatas). Seterusnya dibulatkan menjadi beberapa bahagian kecil dan susun dengan baik. Ada juga yang membentuk doh dengan bentuk memanjang. Kemudian doh tersebut perlu dileperkan doh dengan menggunakan tangan. Bagi proses membuat mee kuning ia kemudian digelek menggunakan mesin bahagian buat karipap no.7 (yang paling tebal-mengikut mesin masing-masing). Doh ini perlu dibuat hingga selesai menjadi mee menggunakan mesin gelek pula no.5 atau mesin No.6. Kemudian sapukan tepung pada kepingan doh tadi, supaya tidak melekat antara satu sama lain. Gelekkan pula pada mesin bahagian buat mee, pegang semasa gelek doh tersebut supaya mee tidak menjadi kerinting. Gelek sampai habis semua kepingan doh tadi. Celurkan mee ke dalam air mendidih yang dicampur dengan sedikit minyak lebih kurang 3 - 4minit. Angkat dan basuh sekejap di bawah air yang mengalir. Toskan, apabila kering sedikit barulah gaulkan dengan minyak. Mee yang segar ini boleh terus dimakan atau dijual. Wasallam.

MEE KUNING.... DIMINATI RAMAI...
DIPROSES BERSIH..GGUNAKAN MESIN....
TEKNOLOGI TERKINI...GHP DIPATUHI...
UNTUNG.... PENGGUNA TERJAMIN....

Dari,
M Anem
Senior Agronomist,
Projek IAT Muar,
Johor, Malaysia.
(Kemaskini 13 May 2015)

APO Training at Viantiane, LAO PDR

Participants with Official after Opening Ceremony.

I was completed on attending a Training Planning and Management on Agroprocessing Enterprise at Lane-Xang Hotel Fa Nguam Road, Vientiane , Lao PDR (Room 329) from 18 Oct 2009 to 25 Oct 2009. The training was organised by APO Japan joint with SMEPDO Lao PDR with 22 participants from 13 country namely Malaysia, Indonesia, Lao, Thailand, Vietnam, Bangladesh, India, Philipines, Pakistan, Iran, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Cambodia. Two resource personel from Philipines (Prof. Reuneul K. Virtucio) and from Sri Lanka (Dr.DBT Wijeratne) with APO Official (Mr Endo) conducted such a good paper in planning and management of Agroprocessing activities. The training started with Local Agroprocessing activities an opportunities in Lao PDR by Ministry of Industry and Commerce which explained the strategy, challanges and Agroprocessing in Lao.

Visit on Salt Factory in Lao PDR to study the new prospestive.

Training methodology consists of Lecture Activity, Paper Presestation and Field visit to a agrobusiness company in Laos aat Friday 23th October 2009. Below are the lecture presented during course period:

Paper 1: Management of Agro processing Enterprise
Papeer 2: Product development and processes
Paper 3: Agribusiness Supply Chain Managenent
Paper 4:Product Quality and Safety Management
Paper 5: Finance-based De4scision making for Agrobased Enterprise
Paper 6: Effective new bproduct development & marketing
Paper 7: Presestation of case study


A visit to Salt Factory from underground water at Veunkham about 25 km from Viantiane Capital was organised to check how the salt business operated. The factory produce 95% of Viantiane Capital salt supply and exported to Taiwan, japan and Korea as medicated salt. The salt processed in two method that is by Direct Sunlight and Cooked to crytalised by heat. The salt contain high medicinal value and suitable for control high blood or diabetic problems. This factory has to improve the sanitation, security and safety of product for export market. a country paper n status of Agropprocessing Activity was presented from each country.

Discusson on project Financial analysis lead by Malasian Participants.

Have a succesful training!

Reported by:
Mohd Anim
Lane-Xang Hotel
Viantiane, Lao PDR
1630 (24 Oct 2009)

Supply Chain of Vegetables in Malaysia

Fresh vegetables from fertigation project at Muar.

Vegetable production is a continuous activity throughout the years by commercial vegetable growers for domestic and export. About 112,450 hectare area are grown with vegetable annually located at Highland Area (Cameron Highland and Kundasang) and Lowland Area (Johor Bahru, Muar, Perak, Selangor) and other patches area. Farmers produced their vegetable according to the market needs and their matrix calendar production. Highland vegetable such as cabbage, tomato, celery, capsicum, cauliflower and others needs a proper post harvest and transportation system due to the location distance from the farm to the consumer.

Post harvest intervals (PHI) is an important aspect and factor for farmers to follow as Good Agriculture Practice (GAP) to ensure the vegetables are in good quality and safe for consumption. the spraying or usage of pesticide or weedicide must follow the instruction as stated on the Label. Upon harvesting all produce must washed with running water to remove the dirt's and start grading according to quality. The vegetable arranged is rattan basket or plastic basket with proper layering paper to ensure quality. Transportation from the farm to collection center must fast and cooling room required for certain vegetable.

Wholesaler will distribute the fresh vegetable to the selected location and supermarkets or direct to retailer. For supermarket consignment all local suppliers engaged with the hypermarkets has to repacked with tagged price. Supermarket will arrange the vegetable according to variety, quality, pricing, quantity in the fresh food section or bay. The consumer has to properly satisfied with the presentation in supermarket and start buying. Supply Chain Management (SCM) of vegetable from farm to table need a lot of process with challengers .

Post harvest activity is an important factor determine price at the end outlet. Most farmers depend on the middle man to determine and do vegetable produce at farm level. Upon grading completed , most middle man will sent to main wholesalers and later distributed to retailer (eg Hypermarket, Supermarket, Mini Market or Small scale retailers). Product presentation in important and DISPLAY QUALITY is management by retailer operator. Supply chain management in Malaysia considered modern level which a proper system.

By,

M Anem

SCM Student

LEAFY VEGETABLE ON PEATS

Commercial looks of Leafy vegetable farm on Peat Soil at GF Sengkang, Muar.

Peat soil considered a poor soil for most crops especially for perennial crops such as oil palm, orchards, rubber and coconuts that are Marginal Suitable. In Muar district of Johor there are about 1,450 hectare of deep peat soil especially in Mukim Air Hitam, Mukim Parit Jawa, Mukim Gerisek, Mukim Sg Balang, Mukim Seri Menanti and Mukim Jorak. Shallow peat area are located along coastal area from Muar to Batu Pahat mostly grown with coconut mixed with coffee but in the late 1980's most farmers change old crop to Oil Palm. Rubber area in traditional village nowadays scenario are 99 percent planted with oil palm mostly on the coastal area. In Mukim Air Hitam the peat area mostly planted with pineapple by smallholder with farm size ranging from 1 hectare to 4 hectare. The grow Morris Variety (40%) and Josapine Variety (60%) and sold for fresh consumption. Some area the pineapple are grown under coconut tree (MATAG Variety - DOA Project) and mixed with banana in some cases. There are about 180 hectare of peat soil in Mukim Gerisek near Sengkang River has been develops with Commercial Leafy Vegetable Farm. This area gathered 40 Chinese Farmers and 70% about of the area are grown with leafy vegetable such as brassica, bayam, kangkong, daun bawang, kailan, sawi, kuchai and many others. DOA established Famers Group Farming Committee in 1986 and Mr Tan Soo Tiok elected as a Group Leader. This project won first as champion in National Group Farming Project in 2009 and received prizes from Prime Minister on 16 August 2009 at MITC Malacca during National Farmers Festival. The project produced more than RM 5.2 million annually from leafy vegetable project. They marketed the vegetable to Malacca, Muar, Batu Pahat and Segamat District to the wholesaler.

Kuchai is a type of leafy vegetable for local dishes. Less usage of chemicals.

DOA recorded potential yield from this area is from 7,000 -12,000 kilogram per hectare (Sawi, Bayam, kangkung, Kailan). One crop cycle average planting period is about 26 to 30 days. The production level are considered medium potential category compare to mineral soil area. Kailan needs nursery under controlled condition and follow matrix calendar production according to market needs. Most kailan sent to wholesaler and cooked as Thai Tomyam local dishes as a complementary menu. Study shown that one foreign farm worker are able to manage 1 hectare of leafy vegetable farm. Every 10 hectare of farm managed by A Mandur (farm supervisor) that will arrange crop calender, harvesting target date and agronomic practices. Some of the farmers in this area received SALM Certification Program by DOA to ensure the vegetable production following batter Quality and Safe to eat.
Extension services especially on Pesticide Extension program checked regularly. Vegetable sample collected upon harvest and sent to Air Hitam Post Harvest Laboratory for chemical residual content. If the result Positive (MRL above permitted level) , Agriculture Officer will find the respective farmers to check and provide extension advise the usage of proper pesticide. Later it will be reported to authorised Division action has been taken on the ground using RF-2 Forms. Leafy vegetable production in Muar District is a commercial farming activities and DOA manage to improve the technology and agronomic practices as planned program.

By
AO M Anem
Senior Agronomist,
Vegetable Group Farming Projects,
Bt 19, Sengkang, Muar,
Johore, Malaysia.

AO checked the farm to collect farm sample for lab analysis.

Program Bumi Hijau

Bahan Kit Bumi Hijau yang dibekalkan oleh Jabatan Pertanian Muar.

Program Bumi Hijau yang di lancarkan oleh Perdana Manteri terus dilaksanakan di seluroh kawasan dalam daerah Muar/Ledang. Tujuan Program Bumi Hijau adalah untuk memberikan orang ramai peluang untuk mengeluarkan makanan sendiri di keliling rumah menggunakan kawasan sedia ada. Di Daerah Muar terdapat 10 Program Komuniti dan 1,400 Program Individu. Jabatan Pertanian membekalkan Benih Tanaman, Peralatan Asas (Plastik, Baja Kompos, Bahan Kimia) serta panduan penanaman beberapa jenis sayuran seperti Cili, Bayam, Kangkung, Bendi, Kacang Botor, Jagung dan sebagainya. Setiap Individu diberikan Beg Bumi Hijau yang mengandungi perkara diatas.

YB Asojan (ADUN Gambir) merasmikan pelancaran Projek Bumi Hijau di Taman Baru BG.

Bagi Program Komuniti ianya dijalankan di Kawasan Lapang Taman Perumahan atau di sekitar kampong atau Sekolah atau Hospital. Beberapa Sekolah telah menunjukkan kejayaan yang cemerlang seperti Sekolan Kebangsaan Ledang yang menjadi Juara di Daerah Ledang peringkat Negeri Johor. Peranan Guru dan Murid menjadikan sekolah tersebut dapat menjalankan program bumi hijau dengan baik. Program ini diteruskan pada setiap tahun untuk mempastikan orang ramai dapat menghasilkan bahan makanan yang Segar, Selamat dan berkhasiat serta dapat memupuk semangat berdikari dan mengurangkan belanja pasar.

Kajian yang dijalankan oleh Jabatan Pertanian menunjukkan Program Bumi Hijau menjimatkan perbelanjaaan mingguan ebanyak RM 25 - RM 30 seminggu untuk kos pembelian sayur-sayuran segar setiap peserta. Ini bermakna sebanyak antara RM 100 - RM 120 dalat dijimatkan dalam sebulan. Temubual beberapa peserta di Taman Tun Dr Ismail di Muar mendapati hasil sayuran Program Bumi Hijau adalah segar dan selamat dimakan kerana menggunakan bahan kimia biopesticide yang juga organik.

Sebanyak RM 17.4 juta telah dijana dari aktiviti program bumi hijau melalui penanaman sayur-sayuran dan tanaman jangkapendek melalui Projek Individu dan Projek Komuniti. Kajian temubual dengan beberapa sumber menyatakan program komuniti bumi hijau sangat berjaya di beberapa lokasi sehingga terdapat peserta menjual hasilnya untuk pendapatan tambahan. Kempen Program Bumi Hijau ini perlu diteruskan sepanjang masa untuk mempastikan kelestariannya dan kesedaran penduduk Malaysia mendapatkan bekalan sayuran yang segar, berkualiti dan selamat di makan disamping menjimatkan perbelanjaan dapur.

BUMI HIJAU....PROGRAM KERAJAAN...

BENIH SAYUR DIEDAR...PETANI MENANAM...

HASIL DITUAI....DIMAKAN SENDIRI....

SELAMAT DIMAKAN...TAK PERLU BELI LAGI...

By

DOA Muar

JOHOR

Growing Roselle

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa spp) in Malvaceae family is a bush type of tree which produce flower that rich of vitamin C (Claimed 9 times more than orange). I was experience in Roselle growing project during my tenure at Mersing Agriculture Office in late 1990's. Roselle was introduced by me in Mersing as alternative crop to tobacco at that time. About 4 hectare of bris soil was selected at Endau area. The project involved 5 farmers as pilot project. This crop still exists there until today. From my study shown that China is the largest roselle producers in the world followed by Thailand. This article in "Anim Agro Technology" , I would like to share my knowledge about Roselle Growing Project conducted in Mersing District, Johore.

Roselle is a bush type of tree with maximum height of 2-3 meter without pruning. The stem diameter about 1-2 cm with red grey or Pale color and has several branching system. The leaves are green reddish color with 10-15 cm length and has a sour taste. The leaves also uses as cooking culinary due to the characteristic for 'masak asam pedas'. The Roselle fruit formed after pollination of their beautiful flower (See photo next). The fruit about 3-5cm diameter with dark red color and 4 calyx. The fruit has seeds in the center and used as source of planting material. From my observation it grows well with proper irrigation system on fertile soil.

There are three cultivar of roselle in Malaysia known as Red Roselle, Wild Red Roselle and Yellow Roselle. It was reported by Department of Agriculture Johore (DOA) for commercial growing the Red Roselle (UMKL Variety) and Red UKM Variety are recommended. In Malaysia, roselle was commercially grown in Terengganu in mid 1980's and recently in Johore (District of Mersing) in late 1990's introduced by DAO Mohd Anim at that period and mostly was grown on Bris Soil. About 246 hectare are planted from 2000 to 2008 which produce 424.7 metric ton of calyx valued for RM 1.03 million. Currently the growers shifted to better soil area (on mineral soil - with new crop management system) for higher calyx production.

Seeds from matured tree collected and dried. Select those tree with special criteria such as high yielding, stay stand with strong stems, early maturity period, even branching system and vigorous. The seed treated with fungicide before planting. Recommended planting distance was 1.5 m x 0.6 m giving a crop intensity at 7,500 trees/ ha. From my observation in Mersing, the flower start blooming after 60 days of planting. Harvesting of calyx from 80 to 105 days after planting and if harvesting interval for 7-10 days than we can achieve about 6-9 harvesting frequency.

Potential yield recorded in Johore about 14 - 18 mt per hectare. DOA demonstration plot recorded about an average of 152 flower/calyx was produced from each tree with an average 7 flower from each branch. One kilogram of calyx consists of 75 set flowers and 142 calyx weigh about 1 kg. Hence we can collect an average 1.1 kg of calyx every tree. With farm price at RM 2.80/kg calyx it means about RM 23,000 gross income per hectare with give a return of RM 3.08 / tree. The 'DECORING PROCESS' is the most tidiuos job in roselle  growing project (See photo next). It use a hollow sharp steel push to the calyx center to remove the seed.
Fresh Calyx collected from fresh flower after 'Decoring"process which a special rounded knife push onto the flower to remove the seeds. The calyx must be processed within 12 hours or keep in freezer in below zero degrees for longer storage. The calyx later processed for Drink Juice, Halwa, Jem or other product. It was claimed that other product from roselle are Health Food, Cosmetic Product, Pharmaceutical Product, Snack Food and others. Study found that the demand is about RM 792.5 million annual of finishes roselle product mostly in pharmaceutical product in 2005.

Most of Roselle produced in Malaysia are processed for making syrup or juice for healthy drinks. The other used is for Roselle tea, beverages, jam , health food and food coloring. Roselle rich of anthocyanins, protogutetic acid and many other chemical. It used as diuretic food for many years. In Malaysia the roselle syrup processed as a Agrobased product with bottled in 1 litre and tag price about RM 10.00 each. The roselle jam was popular as another product.
It is a great potential in growing roselle provided there is better technology especially in reducing labour cost in harvesting and 'decoring' activities. Any farmers interested to grow or familiar with roselle technology can approach to the nearest Department of Agriculture Extension Officers.

GROW ROSELLE....DOING WELL...
WHERE TO GET SEEDS.... ASK FRIENDS...
HOW TO PROCESS.... JUICE OR CORDIAL...DRINKS HEALTHY... THEN HAPPY...


By
M AnEm
DOA 
Muar
Johor
Malaysia
(Updated on 30 March 2013)

IDLE LAND - DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

Idle land at Mk Air hitam, Muar (Deep Peat)

IDLE LAND (or 'Tanah Terbiar' in Malay) in Malaysia define as any agricultural land belongs to farmers/owners not utilised for three (3) continuous years or six (6) seasons for paddy area. Under utilized land is not considered as idle land. It was estimated about 11,000 hectares of idle land reported in 2008 respectively. Most idle land located on problem soil such as Bris Soil, Peat Soil and remote area which lack of basic infrastructures Bris soil alone estimated about 2,400 hectare alongside coastal area such as in Terengganu, Pahang and Johore idle due to poor soil quality and marginal for many crops. Only tobacco, cash crops, coconuts (Traditional Variety) and Gajus are rarely planted on Bris Soil. Bris soil poor of organic matter and loss water holding capacity. Peat soil are costly to develop due to poor soil structure and high cost on farm road, bridges, drain and land preparation. Development cost for peat area cost 25 to 35 % more from ordinary idle land. This article in "Anim Agro Technology" present about development of idle land in Johore State as part of the process to provide more foods in Malaysia.

New Farm Road and Proper drainage from DOA Muar, Johore.

Factors contribute to idle land are as follows:
a. Small size and uneconomic for crop development and scattered :

b. Lack of farmers interest (Town Area)
c. No access road and basic facilities
d. Problem Soil quality (Bris Soil/Peat soil)
e. High initial cost development (More RM 20,000/ha)
f. Difficult to verify the land owner
g. Limited /government assistant/subsidy/rehabilitation program

Harvesting of Josapine Pineapple from Idle land project at Muar District, Johore.

From 2007 to 2009 about 136 hectare of idle land in Muar District has been developed especially on peat soil planted with pineapple, shore-term crop (Yam, Tapioca, Vegetables etc). Department of Agriculture provide extension services and infrastructure development and initial farm inputs (Seedling, Chemicals and Fertilizer). Pineapple project at Bt 14, Mukim Air Hitam Muar produced about 180,000 pieces of pineapple (JOSAPINE Variety) in 2008 considered as successful project. Most of the pineapple harvested are Grade A and Double A and mostly marketed to Kuala Lumpur and Klang Valley. Each farmers earn about RM 1,500 to RM 2,500 per month from this project.

By
Mohd Anem,
Senior Agronomist,
Depertment of Agriculture,
Muar, Johore,
Malaysia.
(Updated on 16 January 2015)