Agro Grad 82 :Re-Union

Geng2 ketawa tengok gambar2 lama ketika jadi pelajar UPM dari 1977-1982....kira2 dah 28 tahun lalu..jumpa balek..Nampak kat situ Nasir, Hairun, Mokhtar, Kaberi, Azemi!

Satu Perjumpaan untuk mereka yang belajar di Universiti Pertanian Malaysia (Sekarang dah jadi Universiti Putra Malaysia) dari tahun 1977 dan grad 1982 diadakan di Kelab Tasek Putrajaya pada 29 Jan 2010. Lebih dari 70 geng telah bawa ahli keluarga masing2...jadi kira-kira ada 300 orang lebih hadir. Majlis yang dimulakan dengan pendaftaran, ucapan urusetia penaja, makan malam, Fatihan kepada Arwah kawan2 (10 orang telah tiada), memperkenalkan kawan2 lama, nyanyian oleh AO SPtani, Cabutan Bertuah dan lain2...

Ini adalah perjumpaan yang paling bermakna kerana purata umur grad82 adalah 50 tahun (Ada yang lebih tua..!) dan bawa ahli keluarga. Yang Pelik ialah..... muka kenal tapi nama dah tak ingat... tu tak apa... yang dahsyat ialah muka tak kenal dan nama pun tak ingat....

Apa tidaknya !

Dulu Kurus... sekarang Bulat......

Dulu muda....ada yang macam dah tua...

Dulu rambut Apro ...ada yang boo.....taqq...

Dulu rambut hitam ..........la ni Putih banyak...

Dulu tak de duit .... ada yang dah jutawan kot...

Bagaimana pun tahniah kepada urusetia penaja iaitu geng2 sekitar KL dan Putrajaya. Tanpa kerjakeras tuan2 tak menjadi majlis itu. Sayang tak jumpa Idrus , Rani, Adam, Ngaijan, Kamil, omar, john, anyi wan... tak datang kenapa?
Kebanyakan mempunyai profesion dalam bidang pertanian... tapi ada yang dalam bidang perniagaan, Banking, ICT, Pendidikan, Alam Sekitar, Petronas, Kewangan, Pengurusan dan macam2 lagi... Tahniah untuk semua!

Semuga jumpa lagi dimasa akan datang!

SERONOK JUMPA GENG GRAD 1982

PERTANIAN, PENDIDIKAN PERTANIAN, HUTAN, FOOD TECH DLL

YANG ANEH... KENAL MUKA.. TAK INGAT NAMA...

YANG AJAIB.... DAH KENAL CERITA TAK ABIS2.....

By

M Anim

DOA Muar

Growing Long Bean

A longbean farmers at Kg Parit 3 Sagil, Ledang, Johor collect about 18.5 mt last week of longbean from 1 hectare.

Long Bean (Vigna sesquipedalis spp) from Leguminaceae family is a creeping fruity vegetables. It was grown as commercial commodities for local and export market. It is a popular vegetables consumed in Malaysia as daily dishes. Long consumed as Ulam or fried or steamed depending on cooking preference. Longbean believed to be originated from India and it was grown in Asia, East Africa and Central America on Tropical climate with temperature from 20-30 Celsius. Longbean need rainfall pattern between 138-168 mm monthly with pH level on soil between 5.5 to 6.8. I manage to visit many long bean farm during my tenure as Mersing, Segamat and Muar District Agriculture Officer for more than 13 years.

In Malaysia , as my observation for Longbean was commercially grown in Johore, Perak and Pahang. In 2006 about 3,319 hectare of longbean was grown (Production 45,924 mt) decrease to only 2,820 ha (Production about 38,360 mt) in 2009. According to DOA statistic report, Bentong District in Pahang grow the largest longbean in 2009 (257 ha) followed by Muar Johor (185 ha) and Kuantan Pahang (129 ha) respectively. Recently KNYS No 398 variety was popular in Muar District.

Land preparation started 2 weeks before planting with ploughing activity and preparation of irrigation and drainage system. Liming 2.5 mt /ha recommended to increase to pH 5-7. Bed preparation with 1.2m x 25 cm height layered with plastic silvershine and basic manuring with organic manure about 3 - 5 mt /ha. Requirement of Silvershine Plastic about 20 unit/ha and first manuring program with NPK 15:15:15 for about 700 kg/ha before planting. Selected seed (KNY398) direct sowing on the bed (2 seed/hole) and seed requirement about 8 kg/ha. Planting distance 60 cm x 40 cm and 10 days later start preparing the creeping posts. The support system (Trellis) erected using wood post 2.5 m height and 6 cm size connected each other with dawai (Dawai no 10) and strengthened each post at the end.

Weed control using Glufosinate ammonium or manual weeding. Turn on sprinkler system from day 1 to harvesting period according to weather condition. Second manuring program with NPK 12:12:17:2 about 250 kg/ha or 12 gram/tree applied after 28 days. Trird manuring program 49 days later about the similar quantity with NPK 12:12:17:2. Harvesting started 45 days after planting to approximately 70 days (25 days harvesting period). Among popular pests attacked longbeans were Aphids (Aphis craccivora), Bean Fly (Melanagrommyza phaseoli), Pod Borer (Marucca testutalis), Pod Borer (Euchrysops cnejus) and Thrips (Thrips spp). Use pesticide and manual (sanitation approach) to control pests attack. Recommended insecticides that sprayed such as Diaznon, Dimehhoate, Deltramethrin, Diafenthiuron and cypermethrin. Diseases for longbean are Antracnose (Collectotricum lindemuthianum) that attacked leaf and fruit and controlled with carbendezim or copper oxychloride. Other disease was Leaf spot (Cercospora canecens), Rust (Uromyces appendiculates) , Leaf mozaic (Mozaic virus) and Root Rot (Rhizoctonia solani).

Longbean potential yield between 14 - 16 mt per hectare. Experience at Muar District the average production about 15 mt per hectare. With ex-farm price for RM 0.80/kg the total gross farm income is RM 12,000.00 per hectare. From record keeping activities seems that total cost of production recorded at RM 7,687.90/ha and the net profit about RM 4,312.10/ha. Cost of production per kilogram of longbeans in Muar District is RM 0.51 and the farmers will get back RM 1.56 for every RM 1.00 spent on longbean growing.

GROW LONG BEAN.......LONG LIFE

EAT LONG BEAN ...........LONG WHAT?

By,

M Anem

DOA Muar

Banana in Malaysia

Banana (Musa spp) is one of the famous consumed fruit troughout the world. It was grown in many countries for century with various cultivar. World banana producers from 4 countries were Equador, Costa Rica, Philipines and Colombia which contribute 33% of world production. In Asia only Philipines produce hugh amount of banana. Other producing countries were India, Equador, China, Brazil, Latin Americans and Caribean. Malaysia grow about 28,020 hectare in 2005 with about 262,250 metric ton in 2009 reduced to only 27,575 hectare in 2008 with about 260,911 metric tons. Most big banana plantation growing banana fruit and act act as processors, marketing , shipping and distributing at their own capacity to the world. I have experience in doing extension to small scale banana growers in Malaysia for almost 27 years.

Talk about banana tree. Banana trunk able to reach up to 2-4 meters height. The banana suckers used as planting material in the traditional planting for small scale farmers. Now with the tissue culture technology most of the new planting material use Tissue Culture Seedling. This new seedling provide uniform quality , plant height, maturity period and easy to practice farm activity. Cost for new planting material was cheap about RM 1.20 to RK 2.00 in Malaysia and there was many registered suppliers. seedling for pisang Berangan, Pisang Rastali and Pisang Mas easily available but not for Pisang tanduk, Pisang lang and Pisang Cavendish.

Banana able to grow in poor soil condition but will less productive without deep well drained soil, forest loam, rocky sand or even in heavy clay. In Malaysia area like ex-mining area, peat soil even a Bris soil are potential area to grao banana with proper technology and knowledge. Banana grow well in good drainage and poor result at flood prone area.

By
M Anem
Kuala Perlis
Perlis

Teknologi EM di Bali

Rombongan Johor melawat ladang Pak Oles yang menjalankan aktiviti pengamalan teknologi EM diladang G.N. Wididada.

Pulau Bali di Indonesia merupakan sebuah pulau pelancongan yang popular kerana tarikan Pantai, Budaya dan Matahari (Sun, See shore and Culture). Pulau ini menjadi tarikan ramai pelancong dari seluroh dunia untuk melawat dan bersantai terutama untuk melihat Tanah Lot dan budaya tarian. Denpasar merupakan bandar utama di Bali yang sentiasa menyediakan pelbagai kemudahan untuk pelancong. Penulis telah ke Bali untuk meninjau Teknologi Effective Mikrorganisma (EM) yang di anggap terbaik di Pulau Bali oleh Pak Oles.

Perjalanan dari Hotel Sheraton ke PT Pak Oles di Singaraja, Kacamatan Basungbiu,Kabupaten Buleleng, Bali) mengambil masa 3.5 jam melalui jalan bergunung ganang dan kawasan kampong. Bengkel desa ini merupakan kompleks yang mempunyai kemudahan Asrama, Bilik Syarahan, Kebun , Ladang Herba, Kilang memproses, Radio Pak Oles, Muzeum, Kilang biat Em dan sebagainya. Pengurus Pusat memberikan taklimat mengenai sejarah Pak Oles dan aktiviti2 yang dijalankan. Pak Oles (Gelaran) sebenarnya Dr Ir Gede Nugrah Oles yang belajar dari Ryukyus University , Okinawa, Jepun berkaitan dengan EM pada 1990 dan seterusny belajar di AIMS University Hawai dalam bidang perniagaan. Program pembangunan EM di Bali malahan di Indonesia adalah hasil sumbangan beliau.

Lawatan ke Ladang Herba Pak Oles menunjukkan terdapat beratus jenis herba yang ditanam menggunakan kaedah organik (Tidak menggunakan racun kimia). Kebanyakkan tanaman di keliling Kampung menggunakan baja Kompos hasil fermentasi dengan EM atau Bokashi. Demonstrasi menyediakan kompos atau bokashi dibuat dengan campuran bahan organan, EM dan lain2. Rombongan juga ditujukkan bagaimana EM disediakan dan di botolkan sebelum di edarkan kepada agen2 dan petani-petani di seluroh Pulau Bali. Bentuk EM yang dijual kebanyakkannya adalah EM 4. Untukn mengatasi EM Tiruan syarikat ini menjalankan beberapa kawalan kualiti.

Terdapat STESEN RADIO PAK OLES di kompleks ini dan membuat siaran radio mengenai teknologi EM keseluroh Pulau Bali selama 8 jam setiap hari. Rancangan mengenai Teknologi EM dan Lagu-lagu hiburan di siarkan berselang seli dengan maklumat terkini mengenai program pengembangan pertanian. Pelawat juga diberi peluang untuk bersiaran langsung semasa lawatan. Antara produk utama Pak Oles ialah produk perubatan tradisional Pak Oles yang berasaskan herba dan campuran EM. Contah produk seperti Bokashi Rub Oil, Balsem Kresno, Parem Lantek, EM Spontan Power Motor, Kopi Bubuk Bali dan sebagainya. Produk-produk yang dihasilkan diedarkan di seluroh Indonesia dengan agen-agen yang dilantik. Kebanyakkan agen-agen adalah mereka yang pernah berkursus di Ladang Pak Oles. Kursus selama 2 minggu menyediakan Teknologi EM, Makanan, Asrama dan selengkapnya.

Kalau ada yang berminat bolehlah pergi keweb site www.pakoles.com/ .

TEKNOLOGI EM....JAUH PERGI BELAJAR....

PRODUK PAK OLES....KATANYA BOLEH BERES..
PELBAGAI PRODUK... RADIA SENDIRI SIAR...
SATU 

By,

M Anem
Senior Agronomist,
Room 320, Hotel Visata,
Kuta, Bali, Indonesia.

(Group Tour with Exco Johor)

Agrotourism in Saigon, Vietnam

The boat to Thoi Son (Unicorn) Island and Fishing Village at Mekong River, Vietnam.

The writer organised a study trip to Vietnam in Mei 2009 together with DOA personnel with own expenses. The purpose of the trips is to study how the Agrotourism Program implemented in Vietnam by private sector. The group stay at Le Duy Hotel (Sound like Lady Hotel) at the middle of Ho Chi Minh (Saigon) City. The first day we travelled to Thoi Son (Unicorn) Island in Chau Tnanh District , Thien Giang Province about 60 km (2 hours travel) to see a Fishing Village and Agrotourism Village. The huge fishing village has so many Fishing Boat to load and we also saw so many fish processing plants. The group continue the boat-ride for 20 minutes to reach first stop. It was the bee farms located 100 meter from the river banks where the owner shows how the bee hives look like and the life Honey Bee (Apis cerana) was managed. The guest later given Honey Bee Juice and few other product such as Bee Pollen, Royal Jelly and Bee Wax to taste and buy. Other product shown to us is Vacuum Fried Jackfruit and Dried Ginger. This article I would like to share my knowledge in "Anim Agro Technology" about my visit to Agro-Tourism in Vietnam recently.  

The next stop was coconut cottage industry about 50 meter away. The coconut milk processed to a candy and coconut sweets. The coconut milk collected from pressing the pulp using a special machine. The technology is simple but it produce a sweet candy product and sold at USD 1 per pack. Next to candy site is a Tropical Fruit Stalls selling local fruits such as Durian, Jambu Air, Rambutan, Starfruit, Guava, Sapodilla, Banana, Pineapple, Longan and Papaya. Tourist can eat fresh fruit prepared by the owner at USD 5 depending on fruit type and quantity. Local handicraft from coconut tree and wood craft also sold around fruit stalls. About 150 meter away is a Traditional Stage Show where a group of local entertainers sing and dance a Traditional Song and they prepared local fruit such as sapodilla and jackfruit on the table.

We ask to walk about 400 meter under the Longan Farm (Flowering season) and Jackfruit Farm. The tourist able to pluck and harvest longan during festive season (But not this time). There was many small fishing ponds in the farms where we can see local catfish and tilapia fish to feed. The fishpond size about 12 feet x 10 feet and easy to access. The surprising activity was Sampan Ride in the small river. There are more than 500 sampan (Small Boat) in the small canal and was paddled by female operator (Old lady). One boat consists 3-4 tourist depending on size (European size of course 3 persons). The sampan ride in small canal about 25 minutes really enjoy because we can see AgroEco-tourism. The boat end-up to the main river in the middle of the river.

Upon reach to the Boat, all the tourist given a young coconut fruit juice to drink where the professional bot-man doing the peeling and navigating the boat. The tourist later visited the Snake Farm, Fish Processing Site and Handicraft Site. On the way back to the original port (30 minutes) we can see many pontoon carrying sands passed through the boat. Later we visits National Museum of Saigon in the city.

The museum contain the historical war history and lost to learn from museum of course. Old Tanks, Vehicle, Bombs, Torture equipments, papers, Photos, arms, Documents etc remind us the fierce of war. Few Nostalgic photos really scary how the war take place. On the way back to Le Duy Hotel we saw thousands of motorcycle used by locals. It numbered more than car and lorries. The next day we visits Vietcong Tunnels about 100 km away. These tunnel really another story to tell. We got experience. The Agrotourism trip to Unicorn Island really fruitful and tiring!

UNICORN ISLAND ... LOT'S TO SEE...

EAT JACKFRUIT ....GAIN ENERGY....

SAMPAN RIDE...ENJOY AND SCARY...

NATIONAL MUSEUM.. DON'T LIKE WAR..

By,

M Anem

DOA Muar
Johor, 
Malaysia
(A visit to Ho Chi Minh City)

Growing Jackfruit

Jackfruit (Artocarpus heteropyllus) under family Moraceae or locally known as NANGKA in Malaysia is a popular fruit tree grown as tropical fruit trees. It was grown in Malaysia as a commercial commodity or grown as mixed commodity with few other fruit types such as durian, rambutan, duku etc in traditional village. Department of Agriculture Malaysia recorded about 3,123 hectare of Jackfruit was grown as CHE in 2006 and increase the size to only 3,500 ha in 2009 with annual production for 27,830 metric tonnes. Jackfruit was popular in few states such as in Pahang State (Temerloh District about 207 ha) followed by Kota Tinggi in Johor (192 ha) and Segamat Johor (136 ha) in 2008 respectively. For 2010 it was estimated about 3,650 ha jackfruit planted with the estimated production 28,960 mt. This article explain jackfruit technology based from my field experience in agriculture sector for more than 30 years and reading from few books.

The jackfruit tree is a wood perennial crop with erected trunk up to 10-15 feet tall. The main trunk with branching system with dark green leaf. Most of the jackfruit in Malaysia produce the flower and fruit on the main trunk and main branch. The flesh of the jackfruit is starchy, fibrous and is a source of dietary fiber. The flavour is similar to a tart banana. Varieties of jackfruit are distinguished according to the characteristics of the fruits' flesh and their tree morphology. Most farmers prefer to select the new variety with less latex and big size of fruit.

Jackfruit is suitable to be grown with sandy loam soil and proper drainage system. Jackfruit tree cannot survive if the root system submerged for more than 4 hours under water. Department of Agriculture Malaysia (DOA( recommended the planting distance for jackfruit is 9 meter x 9 meter to provide 123 trees/ hectare. Vigorous seedling selected from germinated seeds or budded seedling or other method of seedling production. The seedling must free from unwanted disease and pests. Basic Agronomic Practices of jackfruit planting must be followed.



About more than 25 clone of jackfruit registered in Malaysia with DOA since 1960'es throughout the nation. There is six clones strongly recommended for Jackfruit planting in Malaysia is Clone Clone J29, Clone J 31, Clone Tekam Yellow, Clone Mantin and the latest clones was Clone J33 (Nangka Madu). Clone Uncle Hong, Crystal clone known as best clone in Johor but not registered with DOA. Clone J29 has a very big size up to 10 kg per fruit and their skin yellowish and reddish flesh with less sticky latex. For J31 clones it was smaller in size with an average about 6 kilogram per fruit and yellowish flesh with strong smell. J33 is the latest clones registered and has an export quality standard for fresh consumption.


Land preparation started with land clearing, ploughing, drainage system and preparation of basic infrastructure. Before planting basic manuring program with organic manure, Dolomite and Rock Phosphate applied in the planting hole. NPK 15:15:15 at applied each jackfruit tree annually 0.50 kg every 3 months for first year. Manuring program for jackfruit at vegetative and reproductive stage increases to 1 kg, 1.5 kg and up to 4 kg after 4 years with NPK 15:15:15 and 15:15:17:2 TE respectively. Organic manure applied every 6 months for about 20 kg. Some farmers apply foliar fertilizer to enhance the bearing fruit capacity and increase sweetness of the flesh.


Fruit borer (Bactocera spp) is the most scary pest in jackfruit plantation. The adult pest will inject their eggs to the young fruit and their larvae will cause damages to the fruits. Wrapping the fruit bunch is the most practical system to control the fruit borer from damaging.There is no chemical control recommended for this pests. Jackfruit also very susceptible to shoot rot (Mati rosot) that can cause total failure if not controlled from the beginning or early stage. Farm sanitation and removal of attacked branch is practical. Other related diseases was Wind Fungi ( Cendawan Angin) caused by Erytricum saimoncolor that spread by fungi through wind blow. Wild Boar able to damage lower jackfruit fruits in those farm nearby the jungle in many area in Johore.


The vegetative stage for Malaysian Jackfruit about 3-4 years and the trees last long for 6 - 10 year on reproductive stage. Jackfruit produce yield about 12 mt per hectare depend on Agriculture Practices. It is better the young fruit wrapped with suitable material such as gunni sack, used cloth, plastic etc to protect from fruit borers. Department of Agriculture Mersing Johor created an innovation called APC-2 an equipment to wrap jackfruit at higher level. Matured fruit collected from the farm and stored before grading and send to the buyers. Price perkilogram ex-farm in Muar about RM 2.50/kg. Analysis shown that growing jackfruit is profitable if the tree last for more than 8 - 10 years old.


CASHFLOW OF JACKFRUIT IN MALAYSIA 2010

Planting Distance : 9.0 m x 9.0 m
Planting density : 123 tree
Production area: 1 Hectare
Growing Period: 20 Years
EXCHANGE RATE : 1 USD = RM 3.80


I) CASH IN FLOW
a. Estimated yield for 20 years(kg/ha) = 514,755 kg*
b. Estimated Gross Income @ RM 1.00/kg = RM 514,755.00

II) CASH OUT FLOW
A. DEVELOPMENT COST
1 Land Clearing , Burning, stacking = RM 2,000
2 Basic Infra (drain, farm road etc) = RM 10,000
4 Fencing = RM 2,000
5 Ploughing = RM 1,000
6 Planting (RM3/tree) = RM 369
7 Irrigation system = RM 9,000
8. Farm Store= RM 500
Sub-total 1 = RM 24,869

B. COST OF INPUTS
1 Jackfruit seedling @ RM5/seedling = RM 677
2 Fertilizer & Basic Manure: -
i. CIRP)= RM 35
ii. Organic Fertilizer = RM 43,634
iii. NPK Green = RM 336
iv. NPK Blue = RM 30,104
v. GML = RM 1,418
3 Pesticide & Fungicide = RM 8,887
4 Weedicide = RM 6,318
5 Farm equipments = RM 3,500
Sub-total 2 for inputs =RM 94,909

C. COSTS OF LABOR
1 Manuring = RM 4,500
2 Pests and Disease control = RM 6,840
3 Weeding = RM 4,080
4 Pruning activity = RM 4,590
5 Fruit wrapping at RM 0.40/fruit = RM 10,295
6 Harvesting @ RM 0.10/ kg = RM 51,476
Subtotal 3 of Labor Cost = RM 81,781

D. MISCELLANEOUS COSTS
1 Fuel and Petrol = RM 24,000
2 Land Rental = RM 10,000
3 Maintenance of infrastructure = RM 30,000
Subtotal 4= RM 64,000

III) CASH FLOW ANALYSIS

MAIN TOTAL( 1,2,3,4) = RM 265,558.00
EXTRA COSTS (10%) = RM 26,556.00
TOTAL COSTS OF PRODUCTION = RM 292,114.00
GROSS FARM INCOME = RM 514,755.00
NETT FARM INCOME = RM 222,641.00
NETT FARM INCOME/YEAR = RM 11,132.05
NETT FARM INCOME/MONTH = RM 927.67
B/C RATIO = RM 1.76
BREAKEVEN POINT = RM 0.57
NET PRESENT VALUE (NPV) @ 10% = RM 128,284.96
INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN (IRR) = 31%

*Note:
Exchange rate : 1 USD = RM 3.80
1. Estimated fruit weight about 20kg/fruit
2. Pests and Fungicide control frequency 6 times/year
3. Weed spraying frequency at 4 times/year


WHAT IS JACKFRUIT?...IT REALLY BELONG TO JACK...
TO GROW JACKFRUIT ...... HOW IS THE CHANCE.....
MASTURA, J33, NANGKA MADU ... GOOD CLONE....
EAT JACKFRUIT ...... WIND IN STOMACH.....




Related articles:
1. Jackfruit clones in Malaysia (Click here)
2. Jackfruit (Ckick here)
3.
4.
5.


By
M Anim
Horticulture (Fruit Expert)
Malaysia

DINA FARM, MESIR

Ladang Tanaman kentang seluas 150-200 ekar yang mempunyai sistem pengairan berkomputer.

Dina Farms adalah satu Ladang Moden Gurun terbesar milik seorang pengusaha yang terletak di kawasan pemulihan tanah gurun kira-kira 80 km di utara Cairo, Mesir. Ladang seluas 10,000 ekar (4,000 hektar) ini dibangunkan dengan teknologi moden oleh pakar-pakar dari dalam dan luar negara. Program pemulihan tanah gurun ini merupakan program kerajaan Mesir untuk pengeluaran bahan makanan kepada 74 juta penduduknya menggunakan teknologi moden. Ladang ini merupakan syarikat pengeluar utama Buah Anggur, Susu Segar, Kentang, Buah Mangga dan Tomato yang utama di Cairo. Penulis telah berpeluang melawat ladang tersebut

bersama Yg Bhg Dato' Sofian iaitu Ketua Pengarah Pertanian pada tahun 2006.

Ladang ini dilengkapkan dengan infrastruktur asas seperti Jalanladang (50 km), Pejabat Pentadbiran, Kuarters Pekerja, Bekalan Air Bersih, Bekalan Eletrik, Telaga Tiub Dalam dan juga Pusat Pengreddan, Kilang Memproses , kemudahan rekreasi dan Pusat Jualan. Bekalan air ladang di sedut menggunakan pam berkuasa tinggi dari 75 unit TELAGA TIUB DALAM (Deep tube well) yang mempunyai kedalaman antara 1.5 - 2 kilometer bawah tanah. Air yang disedut kemudian di kumpul untuk digunakan sebagai kegunaaan domestik (10%) dan selebihnya untuk sistem pengairan tanaman dan ternakan. Sistem pengairan bagi tanaman kentang dan tomato menggunakan kaedah seperti fertigasi dimana bentuk ladang adalaah bulat (PIVOT SYSTEM) dan air yang telah di campur baja di bekalkan kepada tanaman secara berkomputer dimana penyemburan secara berpusing ke ladang pivot seluas 150 - 200 ekar satu ladang ikut pusingan jam. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan kedudukan " ladang bulat" di Dina Farm yang jumlahnya 43 ladang.

Kedudukan 43 Pivot Farm yang disusun atur di Ladang Dina Farm.

Tanaman kentang merupakan 46% (4,600 ekar) daripada jumlah kawasan dan merupakaan satu syarikat pengeluar utama buah kentang di Mesir malahan kira-kira 20% hasilnya di ekspot ke negara jiran. Tanaman kentang menggunaakan kaedah ala-fertigasi dimana baja telah di campurkan secara berkomputer dalam kolam takungan sebelum di airkan kepada tanaman mengikut kiraan komputer. Jadual Penanaman di atur mengikut Plot Pivot yang disusun atur mengikut Jadual Kalendar Pengeluaran hasil. Sisa tanaman kentang di kutip dan di jadikan bahan makanan ternakan lembu susu. Tanaman anggur pula seluas 1,200 ekar menggunakan 400 orang tenagakerja untuk kerja-kerja mencantas bagi pengalakan pengeluaran bunga (Tiada penguguran daun semulajadi) seperti di negara sejuk. Mangga pula di tanam diplot2 ditentukan dan buah kurma ditanam disepanjang jalan utama.

Semasa lawatan terdapat sebanyak 10,000 ekor lembu susu dimana sebanyak 4,000 ekor lembu aktif dalam pengeluaran susu segar. Lembu jenis Holstein yang diimpot dari USA digunakan sebagai baka lembu susu dengan kapasiti pengeluaran sebanyak 110,000 liter sehari. Syarikat ini merupakan pengeluar utama susu segar di Mesir. Terdapat juga sebuah kilang memproses susu cair kepada susu tepong di ladang ini dengan kapasiti pengeluaran 25 mt sebulan. Selain itu terdapat sebanyak 2,000 ekor lembu daging yang sedia untuk di sembelih bagi pengeluaran daging segar setiap 'batch production". Keselurohan jumlah lembu pedaging melebihi 15,000 ekor. Lembu ini di berikan makanan silage dari tanaman kentang yang di proses setiap musim penanaman.

Selain dari jualan terus ke pasar borong dan hypermarket, Syarikat Dina Farm juga mempunyai rangkaian R&R di tepi laluan utama lebuhraya Cairo ke Iskandariah dengan menjual produk segar seperti buah-buahan, sayur-sayuran dan produk proses IAT. Konsep pemulihan tanah gurun oleh syarikat seperti ini merupakan satu kejayaan yang berjaya oleh Kerajaan Mesir. Walau pun projek ini memerlukan kos pembangunan yang sangat tinggi dan moden, tetapi tiada pilihan lain kerana keperluan untuk membekalkan makanan kepada rakyat Mesir. Terdapat 7 lokasi projek seperti ini diseluroh Mesir dengan keluasan keseluruhan sebanyak 2,689,809 feddan (1 feddan = 1 ekar = 0.405 ha) dalam 3 pelan perancangan pembangunan pertanian. Teknologi ' Remote Sensing" telah digunakan dalam mengenalpasti lokasi2 yang sesuai untuk di bangunkan (Reclaimation Program) dan di buat kajian teliti. Kerajaan Mesir mengawal penggunaan air untuk domestik dan pertanian dengan menguatkuasakan pelbagai kaedah baagi mempastikan air dapat di optimakan penggunaannya.

" LAWAT KE DINA FARM ......MEMANG KAGUM.....

KOS AMAT TINGGI..... TAPI HASIL DAH PASTI......

TANAM KENTANG .........PERUT AKAN KENYANG....

PROJEK BERJAYA ..... SEMUA AKAN SUKA...."

by,

M Anem

DOA Muar

VEGETABLE GROWING IN MALAYSIA

Vegetable growing in Malaysia as an important industry in Food Production Sector. In 2006 39,659 hectare vegetable grown with total production 572,687 metric tones increase to about 40,980 in 2010 with total production about 534,370 mt (estimated). Johore is the largest area growing vegetables area in Malaysia with a total of 11,880 hectare (Ha) in 2009 and gross production 493,470 mt and it was 31% of national hectarage. The second largest state is Pahang with 6,540 hectare and gross production 85,460 mt in 2009 with highland vegetable from Cameroon Highland. The third largest producer was Kelantan (3,940 ha) followed by Sarawak (3,890 ha) and Sabah (2,650 ha). Trend of vegetable production was uncertain due to various factor from 572,687 mt (2006), 456,992 (2007), 490,963 (2008), 493,470 (2009) and estimated about 534,370 (2010).

From 22 types of vegetable grown in Malaysia seems that Brassica spp (Sawi) is the largest leafy vegetable grown with a total of 8,180 hectare in 2009 and total production about 118,610 mt.

Second largest variety was Kangkung (4,610 ha about 40,570 mt) followed by Cucumber (Timun) for 2,920 ha) and Chilli (2,740 ha produce about 31,240 mt). Other vegetables grown more tha 1,000 hectare annually was Long Bean (Kacang Panjang), Brinjal, Loofa and Tomato. For Salad, Pumpkins, Sweet shoot, Sengkuang, Kobis Bunga was less than 300 ha in 2009.

Bayam was popular grown in Johor State with Johor Bahru District (1,795 ha) , Kota Tinggi (460 ha) and Muar (301 ha) in 2008 and mostly for Singapore and Domestic market. Kangkung also grown in Johore in Johor Bahru (2,433 ha), Muar (432 ha) and Tumpat Kelantan (214 ha). For Cabbage it was grown in Cameroon Highland (510 ha), Ranau Sabah (250 ha) and Gua Musang (71 ha). For Sawi it was grown in Johor Bahru District (1,537 ha), Muar (735 ha) and Kota Tinggi (412 ha), For Tomato of course grown in Cameroon Highland (601 ha) followed by Lojing (Gua Musang Kelantan) and Ranau Sabah.

Vegetable production in Malaysia has a concentrated area such as in

Cameroon Highland, Lojing Kelantan and Ranau Sabah for Highland Vegetables. For lowland the area are in Senai Johor Bahru, Sengkang Muar, Simpang Renggam , Kluang and Kota Tinggi Johor and Kelantan. All vegetable growers monitored their activity by Department of Agriculture and NGO (Vegetable Association Growers of Malaysia) and FAMA (For tagging program). DOA impose Pesticide Extension Program to advise vegetable growers not to use excessive chemical for the market.

The vegetable production estimated to increase in area and quantity under 1oth Malaysian Plan with the NKEA project implementation. Few area are identified to produce Tomato, Lettuce and Bell Pepper especially at the highland area of Cameroon Highland and Lojing, Kelantan. The targeted market is for global export to meet the international demand. Malaysia import few million of temperate vegetable to meet the domestic demand. With the recent technology such as greenhouse and fertigation we hope some of the modified temperate vegetable able to produce locally. Vegetable industry in Malaysia has a potential future provided the infrastructure, technology, marketing access, land, manpower and skilled labour are in the place.

EAT FRESH VEGETABLE ............MORE HEALTHY....

GROW YOUR OWN VEGETABLE....... BETTER FOR ECONOMY....

MORE LOCAL VEGETABLE..... BETTER INCOME FOR FARMERS

SO.....

By,

M Anem

DOA Muar

MENGIRA HASIL PADI

Penuaian hasil padi menggunakan Jentuai. Kecekapan mesin jentuai menentukan kehilangan hasil daripada sawah tidak terjejas.

Padi (Oryza sativa) merupakan tanaman bijirin (grains) yang utama di Malaysia terutama di beberapa negeri Jelapang Padi (Kedah, Perak, Selangor, Kelantan, Terengganu dan Perlis). Variety padi telah berubah semanjak dulu daripada jenis-jenis lama (seperti Padi Ria, Malinja) kepada variety baru (Seperti MR 210, MR 220, MR 84, MR 27) dan padi wangi (MRQ series). Hasil padi di Malaysia di perolehi dan di laksanakan pengutipan data oleh Jabatan Pertanian melalui Penyiasatan Hasil Padi (Crop Cutting Survey = CCS). Kerja-kerja ini di jalankan oleh semua pejabat pertanian daerah yang ada kawasan padi dan kakitangan Projek IADA diseluroh negara. Semua maklumat aakan dipantau oleh satu Jawatankuasa Khas yang mana maklumat pengeluaran hasil padi adalah di terima untuk satu negara malahan mengikut format standard dunia dan FAO. Artikel kali ini saya menulkis dalam "Anim Agro Technology" mengenai teknik mengira hasl padi untuk rujukan anda.

Komponen hasil padi boleh di kira melalui Formula berikut:

HASIL PADI =

Kepadatan Tangkai X Bilangan Biji setangkai X

Peratus Biji Bernas X Berat Sebiji Padi

Hasil padi bukan semasa jentuai mengeluarkan hasil kedalam lori atau petani menimbang di Gudang BERNAS tetapi kita boleh kira dari peringkat awal lagi. Kita gunakan persampelan yang dipanggil sebagai "QUADRAT" untuk mengira hasil. Quadrat berukuran 1 meter x 1 meter di letakkan kedalam sawah (pilihan rawak) untuk kita tuai hasil dalam 1 meter persegi. BAgi menentukan hasil (Unit = gram/meter persegi) kita perlu dapatkan maklumat Bilangan Tangkai (Tangkai/meter persegi), Bilangan biji (Biji/tangkai) dan Berat Biji (1,000 biji = gram). Berikut adalah Formula Kajian Komponen Hasil yang dihasilkan oleh Jabatan Pertanian memalui kajian yang trlah di jalankan di Selangor pada 2006:-

Setelah kita mengetahui anggaran hasil padi , kita boleh kira dalam membandingkan anggaran hasil dengan Potensi yang patut dicapai. Jika hasil mencapai sasaran maka amalan pertanian dan teknologi dilaksanakan memadai atau boleh di perbaiki lagi. Jika hasil jauh lebih rendah maka kajian perlu dibuat oleh petani dengan bantuan Pegawai Pengembangan yang mahir mengenai hasil padi. Kajian Jabatan Pertanian mendapati antara faktor menentukan hasil padi adalah Paras Air dalam sawah pada waktu kritikal dan juga Masa Pembajaan Yang Tepat. Jika perkara ini diteliti maka petani akan tahu alasannya. Kini purata pengeluaran padi di Malaysia sekitar 4.2 - 4.5 mt sehektar dan dilaporkan terdapat petani di kawasan Sawah Sekinchan, Selangor mencapai 8 - 10 mt sehektar. Ini berdasarkan laporan daripada penjualan padi kekilang BERNAS dan rekos CCS yang dijalankan. Penggunaan input yang banyak dan pengurusan amalan agronomi dikawasan tersebut membolehkan kawasan Sekinchan mendapat purata hasil padi yang tinggi berbanding dengan kawasan lain di Malaysia.

Pada 15 HLT (Hari lepas tabur sebaiknya anak padi mempunyai 3 helai daun dan perlu dibaja dengan kadar 250 gm/ha (15:15:15). Hari 0 - 40 pertama adalah penting untuk pembentukkan kepadatan tangkaan sementara Hari 41 -65 penting untuk pembentukkan bilangan biji setangkai. Hari 65 - 79 penting untuk pembentukkan bilangan biji setiap tangkai manakala Hari 80 - 115 sangat kritikal untuk menentukan kadar berat setiap biji padi.

Jika bil biji setangkai lebih 100 (Hasil tinggi), 80 -99 (Hasil sederhana) dan jika kurang 79 (Hasil rendah). Kedalaman air pula jika 2-4 inci sebabkan tangkai panjang banyakkan bentuk padi tetapi jika air kering makan tangkai jadi pendek dan biji padi kurang. Jika 85% biji padi bernas (Hasil baik), jika 75-84% (Sederhana) dan jika kurang 74% hasil rendah. Berat padi diukur setiap 1,000 biji pada 14% kelembapan maka jika 29 gram dikira berat, jika 27-28.9 gm (Sederhana) dan jika kurang 26 gm (Ringan). Semua indikator diatas boleh jadikann seorang pesawah faham apa perlu dilakukan untuk capai hasil padi yang lumayan. Hubungi Pegawai Pengembangan Pertanian berhampiran untuk dapatkan latihan hands-on dan khidmat nasehat. Wasallam!.

KIRA HASIL PADI ... PERLU DIPELAJARI..
CARA VETUL...PASTI TAHU HASIL NANTI...

KIRA EMPAT SEGI...FORMULA DIIKUTI...

KOMPONEN HASIL PADI ....ASASNYA BIJI...

By,

M Anem,
Senior Agronomist,
Sawah Sungai Balang,

Muar, Johor,
Malaysia.
(Kemaskini pada 4 Januari 2015)

Teknologi Tanaman Paku Pakis

Paku Pakis (Phylosytes) merupakan tumbuhan jenis Pteridofit iaitu jenis berdaun yang mengeluarkan benih dalam bentuk spora untuk pembiakan. Terdapat dua jenis paku pakis iaitu Jenis pakis PRIMITIF dan Jenis Pakis SEJATI. Pakis primitif mempunyai akar Rhizoid dan berbatang kecil, berwarna hijau yang keseluruhannya dan membantu proses fotosintesis. Pakis sejati atau juga dipanggil pakis sebenar mempunyai tiga (3) bahagian iaitu Bahagian Akar, Batang dan Daun yang jelas pembahagiannya. Bahagian daun pakis yang boleh dimakan ini adalah daun muda. Di Malaysia terdapat lebih 500 spesis paku-pakis liar dan hanya sebahagian sahaja yang boleh dimakan iaitu jenis Athyrium esculentum. Ada jenis paku pakis yang dijadikan ubatan kerana khasiatnya yang baik. Bagaimanapun saya dapati kebanyakkan paku pakis adalah untuk tujuan Tanaman Hiasan (Paling cantik seperti jenis Cycas spp, Lycopodium, Asplenium, Playcerium dll). Artikel kali ini saya menulis mengenai tumbuhan paku pakis ini didalam "Anim Agro Technology" sebagai satu bahan bacaan dan rujukkan berdasarkan kepada pengalamann penulis dan rujukkan daripada sumber. 

Pembiakan paku pakis melalui Spora yang terbentuk di bahagian bawah daun atau batang. Spora adalah struktur pembiakan halus yang berbentuk bulat, pipih dan sebagainya dan mampu terbang dibawa angin sejauh beberapa meter. Paku pakis mampu tumbuh secara berkelompok atau gerombolan atau secara individu. Jenis paku pakis sesuai tumbuh dikawasan terlindung dan lembab seperti ditepian sungai, kawasan lembab dan berair tetapi tidak banjir. Kawasan tanah gambut yang lembab dan mempunyai cukup sinaran matahari sesuai untuk pertumbuhan paku pakis jenis yang pakis paku gajah ayau pun jenis daun merah. Kebanyakan tumbuhan ini adalah tumbuh secara semulajadi dan akan bertahan asalkan mempunyai kawasan lembab dan tidak terganggu. Paku pakis juga tumbuh dikawasan tanah daratan dimana ianya membiak dengan cepat.

Paku Pakis di Sarawak di panggil sebagai "MIDIN" dikalangan orang tempatan iaitu merupakan satu jenis sayuran dikategorikan sebagai Sayuran Organik yang sangat digemari. Semasa saya bermastautin di Kuching , Sarawak lebih dua tahun, memang amat puas makan pucuk midin yang tumbuh dibelakang kuarters dan dibeli di pasar besar Satok. Paku Pakis ini di kutip pada waktu pagi dikawasan tanah gambut dalam belukar di sekitar tanah lapang dengan memetik 25 - 45 cm bahagian pucuk pakis yang lembut dan berwarna hijau yang tumbuh . Pertumbuhan pucuk paku pakis lebih cergas pada musim hujan dan panas saling berganti. Satu ikat lingkungan 200 -300 gram yang diikat dengan getah dan dijual dengan harga RM1.00. Pucuk Midin amat sesuai dimasak sebagai sayuran segar dengan menggoreng atau di tumis dengan ikan bilis dicampur udang segar atau udang kering atau daging dengan bawang putih dan sedikit garam. Kalau anda berkunjung ke Kuching, terdapat beberapa buah restotan seperti Restoran TOP CLAYPOT yang akan  menghidangkan masakan midin secara komersial kepada pelanggan selain daripada hidangan laut seperti ikan, udang, Ambal, ketam dsb. Sajian ini dimakan bersama nasi panas dengan minuman air teh China. Harganya amat berpatut dan amat sesuai untuk makan bersama keluarga atau rakan-rakan.

Hingga kini beberapa kajian mengenai penanaman paku pakis yang boleh dimakan telah dijalankan oleh MARDI Sarawak , MARDI Pontian dan Pusat Pertanian Air Hitam Johor. Bagaimana pun saya agak sukar untuk mendapatkan bahan rujukan mengenai hasil kajian yang dijalankan. Saya berpengalaman membuat petak pemerhatian percubaan menam paku pakis semasa bertugas di Johor. Penanaman percubaan paku pakis dibuat di Pusat Pertanian Air Hitam untuk mengkaji kesesuaiannya dengan kaedah penanaman secara komersil. Kawasan dipilih adalah daripada tanah mineral dibawah naungan pokok kelapa berumur lebih 20 tahun dengan kadar pancaran matahari sekitar 50%. Kaedah penanaman dibuat dengan bahan tanaman anak pakis yang dikutip dari kawasan liar. Benih yang diambil bersama perdu ini disusun dengan jarak 2 kaki x 2 kaki dan ditanam sedalam 4 - 8 inci dalam barisan. Bagi mempastikan air mencukupi, sistem pengairan sprinkler dipasang dengan  disiram 2-3 kali sehari sehingga akar tumbuh. Baja organik digunakan diatas tanah sebanyak 10 kampit (20 kg/bag) untuk kawasan 0.1 hektar. Pengurusan plot percubaan ini dibuat mengikut amalan seperti menanam sayuran biasa. Hasil kajian ini , saya dapati setelah 6 bulan pemerhatian yang dibuat, didapati hanya 30% sahaja yang tumbuh dengan baik sementara sebahagian besar mati. Kajian ini menunjukkan pokok paku pakis agak sukar untuk diadaptasi dikawasan penanaman yang telah ada tanaman lain atau kawasan bukan asal ia tumbuh secara semulajadi. 

Belum ada Pakej Teknologi terkini untuk menanam pokok paku pakis setakat ini di terbitkan. Paku Pakis merupakan satu lagi potensi untuk di majukan pada masa akan datang dengan identiti "SAYURAN TRADITIONAL ORGANIK" dan Jabatan Pertanian boleh membantu memberikan sijil SOM kepada bakal-bakal pengusaha. Pada masa ini kita hanya boleh dapatkan bekalan pucuk paku pakis di Pasar Malam, Pasar Basah dan jarang didapati di Hypermarket atau Supermarket. Diharap pada masa akan datang industri tanaman paku pakis akan di usahakan secara komersial seperti juga paku pakis yang di majukan untuk ornamental (Tanaman Hiasan). Kita di Malaysia masih bersyukur kerana kita boleh beli pucuk pakis dengan murah di pasar malam atau pasar tani atau pasar tamu yang murah dan segar. Mungkin ada khasiat khusus pada tanaman pakis untuk makanan kesihatan atau bahan komestik yang baik.Semuga tanaman ini menjadi tanaman penting pada masa akan datang. Wasallam!

MAKAN PAKU PAKIS...ENAK SEKALI....
HARGANYA MURAH... SEGAR TERBUKTI...
PENYELIDIKAN PAKIS...TAK BANYAK LAGI...
MAKLUMAT PAKIS...MARILAH KITA CARI...


By,
M Anem
DOA Muar
Johor
Malaysia
Januari 2010
(Updated by 17 Januari 2013)

Longan Technology in Chiang Mai, Thailand

Writer at University of Chiang Mai Longan Demonstration Farm

learn about the pruning and manuring system for E-Daw clones.

Longan (Dimocarpus longan) was a tropical tree native ti South East Asia under Sapindaceae family. It was large grown in Thailand and few neighbouring countries. Longan was producing a round fruit like "Dragon eyes" and sweet in taste. It consumes as fresh fruit and processed for canning and dried longan. I has experience in visit few longan tree in Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand and Indonesia to enrich my knowledge. This article is to share an technical knowledge about longantechnology I gain from my visit to Thailand and my own study in Muar Johor as senior extension officer for amlost 25 years. A group of Senior Official from Pagoh MOA Inc was organised a Study Tour to Chiang Mai, Thailand on 2008 lead by Muar District Agriculture Officer. The team members are from DOA, MARDI, FAMA, DVS, Agro Bank, LPP/PPK, JPS and DOF. The trip was initiated by Technical Project Commitee to expose and gather technical information on Longan Technology, Agronomy Aspect, Grading and Market ting aspect and other commodities. Proposed visit program were Farmers Longan Farm, University of Chiang Mai Longan Farm, Bee Project, Agrobased Industry and Processing Project, Dairy Project , Bamboo Handicraft Center, Mulberry Farm, poultry Farm, Goat Project and Fishery Project. This article in "Anim Agro Technology" I share my knowledge based on study visit to Longan Farm at Chiang  Mai University farm in Chiang Mai, Thailand.

The first visit is to Chiang Mai University to attend a lecture on Longan Industry in Thailand and Longan Technology by Prof. Pawin Manochai and Dr Sainarong Rasanaida. The lecture took about 2 hours include Question and Answer session before they organised a Longan Farm Plot Trip for 1.5 hours travel for hands-on training. During the lecture, they informed that Thailand has 56,720 hectare of Longan with total production about 186,800 metric ton in 2007. Prof. Manochai said the average production of longan in Northern Thailand about 3,262 mt/hectare. Thailand produce three types of longan end product that was Fresh Longan (101,35 mt), Dried Longan (28,234 mt), Frozen Longan (1,567mt) and Canned Longan (8,986 mt) in 2008. Canned longan mostly exported to Malaysia about 65%. There was 4 major cultivars grown in Thailand that was E-Daw, Sri Chompoo, Haew and Biew-Kiew. The E-Daw cultivar is the most accepted by local farmers to grow as major cultivars due to its potential yield , crop management and fruit quality. Technically the E-daw varieties was mixed in the farms with other varieties for pollination purposed for better quality.

Planting system are either triangle or normal square system. The initial pruning (formation) pruning system are critical during early growing stage. The pruning must designed as "Open Centered" system which the main trunk was cut and farmers has to train of balance branching. About 4 - 7 branch trained to as maximum height as farmers can manage the tree (About 5 - 6 feet tall). The unnecessary erected shoot (Tunas air) was removed for Horizontal Branching system. According to the Professor, the main problem in longan production was Alternate Bearing Characteristic (One Year OK, Next Year KO). This is due to the Natural Factor affecting floral induction (Flowering) that was Low Temperature and New Leaf Flushing. If new shoot came out , the flower wont come out.

This problem was solved by treatment of Calcium Citrate (KCIO3) chemical to the matured tree. Application of 10 gm.m2 of KCIO3 shows 10% bear flower after 25 days and 100% after 45 days. Application on 20 gm/m2 and 40 gm/m2 resulted 18% and 55% after 25 and 45 days respectively. Spraying on 40-45 day old leaves resulted 100% flowering result compare to spraying on 6-7 days old leaves only 7% success rate of flowering. The KCIO3 application was either bya Foliar Spraying or Direct Injection to the Trunk. Study shown that spraying KCIO3 on hot season less success rate (12.7% less) compare to Rainy Season and Cool season. Manuring program was intensively follow the package Longan Techonology. Trip to longan farm exposed the group with longan package technology applied in Northern Thailand.

The next trip was to the Bee Project that was on the Processing site and Exhibition Shop. The jungle bee honey collected during dry season and processed in the shop for various product. The product was pure honey (Priced at RM 200 /1 Liter), Pollen Bee, Wax, Royal Jelly and Ready to during Juice. We visit to Agrobased Project Industry about 200 km Northern Chiang Mai to see how durian chips, Sweets, dried fruit and other traditional Thailand product packed, grading and processed. The group also visit traditional Cattle Rearing Project, Pomelo Farms, Bamboo Processed Factory, Fish pond and Bamboo Shoot processing activity. The other interesting site visit were to the Golden Triangle (Border of Myanmar-Thailand-Laos), Long-Neck Traditional Village, Boat Viewing on Mekong River and Chiang Rai Town. We also visit Rock Processing Factory, Jade factory, Night market, Wet Market and Fruit Collection Center.

It was a cheap trip only RM 1,500 per head using Air Asia that fly to Chiang Mai regularly. Northern Thailand offered Agrotourism and Culture Tours to visitors. The study visit was a success trip for the group to gain more knowledge and explore great experience on Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai area. I hope more technical visit will be arranged to explore the longan processing activity. There is a lot of areas to improve longan growing industry in Malaysia.

The open centered pruning of Longan Tree.

VISIT CHIANG MAI ..... GAIN KNOWLEDGE ....

TO GROW LONGAN ....TO FLUSH FLOWER....

USE KCIO3 SOLUTION ... INDUCE FLOWERING ...

FRESH LONGAN FRUIT .... SWEET AND FRESH ....

By,

Moh Anim
Senior Agronomist

Chiang Mai University
Chiang Mai

Thailand
(Updated on 23 July 2013)